关联方（Affiliate）是股权买卖合同、转让合同、公司章程等合同中常见的定义，主要包括关联方为个人和为公司（实体）这两种情况，通常指彼此之间有密切关系的个人或实体。以下为部分常见法律文本中的关联方双语定义，供参考：

示例一：

“AFFILIATE”

with respect to any specified Person, any other Person that directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls or is controlled by, or is under common control, with such specified Person, and for individual Persons, any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, or sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships, and any entity controlled by any of the foregoing ;

“关联方”

就任何特定的人而言，指直接地或间接地通过一个或多个中间人控制此人、受此人控制或与此人共同受另一方控制的任何其他人；就任何个人而言，指此人的任何子女、前夫（或前妻）的子女、孙子、孙女、外孙、外孙女、父母、继父母、祖父母、外祖父母、配偶、兄弟姐妹、岳父母、公婆、女婿、媳妇、兄弟姐妹辈姻亲，包括领养关系，以及上述任何人员控制的任何实体；

示例二：

Affiliate means any Person which in relation to the Person concerned is:

(a)if the Person concerned is a body corporate, any holding company or a subsidiary or a subsidiary of any such holding company or any partnership which is a subsidiary undertaking of the Person concerned or of any such holding company; or

(b)if the Person concerned is a firm or another unincorporated body, any body corporate or partnership where more than 50% of the votes exercisable at a general meeting or partners meeting are directly or indirectly controlled by such Person; or

(c)if the Person concerned is a natural Person, a spouse, lineal ascendant or lineal descendant of such Person or a firm or other unincorporated body or body corporate where more than 50% of the votes exercisable at a general meeting of the members are directly or indirectly controlled by such Person and/or his or her spouse, lineal ascendants and lineal descendants; or

(d)any trust or other estate in which the Person concerned has a substantial beneficial interest or as to which the Person concerned serves as trustee or in a similar fiduciary capacity.

关联方指就任何人而言，属于下列情况与之相关的人士：

(a)若该人是公司法人，其控股公司、子公司或该控股公司的子公司，与之相关的子公司或其控股公司的合伙公司；或

(b)若该人是商行或其他非法人团体，由该人直接或间接控制股东会或合伙人会议可行使表决权超过50%的公司或合伙公司；或

(c)若该人是自然人，该人的配偶、直系长辈或直系晚辈，或该人和/或其配偶、直系长辈、直系晚辈直接或间接控制股东会可行使表决权超过50%的商行、其他非法人团体或公司；或

(d)该人持有重大权益，或担任受托人或类似受托人身份的信托或其他财产。

示例三：

“Affiliate” means in respect of a Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such Person, and (i) in the case of a natural person, shall include, without limitation, such person’s spouse, parents, children, siblings, mother-in-law, father-in-law, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, a trust for the benefit of any of the foregoing, and a corporation, partnership or any other entity wholly or jointly owned by any of the foregoing, and (ii) in the case of an entity, shall include a partnership, a corporation or any other entity or any natural person which directly, or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, such entity. The term “control” shall mean the ownership, directly or indirectly, of shares possessing more than fifty per cent (50%) of the voting power of the corporation, partnership or other entity (other than, in the case of a corporation, securities having such power only by reason of the happening of a contingency), or having the power to control the management or elect a majority of members to the board of directors or equivalent decisionmaking body of such corporation, partnership or other entity;

“关联方”就某个人而言，指直接或通过一个或多个中间人间接控制该人、受该人控制或与该人受到共同控制的任何其他人，(i) 就某个自然人而言，应包括但不限于该人的配偶、父母、子女、兄弟姐妹、岳母/婆婆、岳父/公公、配偶的兄弟姐妹及兄弟姐妹的配偶、为上述任何一方的利益设立的信托以及由上述任何一方全资或共同拥有的公司、合伙企业或任何其他实体，(ii) 就某个实体而言，应包括直接或通过一个或多个中间人间接控制该实体、受该实体控制或与该实体受到共同控制的公司或任何其他实体或任何自然人。“控制”指直接或间接拥有代表公司、合伙企业或其他实体百分之五十（50%）以上表决权的股份（对公司而言，不包括仅因发生意外事件而拥有表决权的证券），或有权控制该公司、合伙企业或其他实体的管理层或有权选择该公司、合伙企业或其他实体董事会或同等决策机构的多数成员；

“Founder Affiliate”means any entity that is ultimately controlled by the respective Founder, or any “immediate family” (as that term is defined in SEC Rule 16a-1(e) promulgated under the Exchange Act) of the respective Founder.

“创始人关联方”指最终由各创始人控制的任何实体，或各创始人的任何“直系亲属”（定义见根据《美国证券交易法》颁布的证交会16a-1(e)规则）；

示例四：

“Affiliate” means, with respect to a Person, any other Person that, directly or indirectly, Controls, is Controlled by or is under common Control with such Person, and without limiting the generality of the foregoing, (a) in the case of a Person that is a natural person, the term “Affiliate” shall also include (i) such Peron’s spouse, children, grandchildren, siblings, parents, grandparents, and other immediate family members (by birth, adoption, or marriage), and (ii) any trusts Controlled by or for the benefit of any such Person aforementioned in (a)(i); (b) with respect to an Investor, the term “Affiliate” shall also include (i) any shareholder of such Investor, (ii) any of such Investor’s general partners or limited partners, and any Person which has a direct or indirect Controlling interest in such Investor, (iii) the fund manager managing such Investor and other funds managed by such fund manager, and (iv) any trusts Controlled by or for the benefit of any such Person referred to in (b)(i), (ii) or (iii) (where applicable). For the avoidance of doubt, no Investor shall be deemed to be an Affiliate of any Group Company.

“关联方”，就某一主体而言，系指直接或间接地控制该主体、受该主体控制或与该主体受共同控制的任何其他主体，而且在不限制前述规定的一般性的前提下，（a）对于属于自然人的主体而言，“关联方”一词还应包括（i）该主体的配偶、子女、孙子女、兄弟姐妹、父母、祖父母、外祖父母和其他直系亲属（通过出生、收养或婚姻关系产生），以及（ii）由上述第（a）（i）项中提及的上述任何主体控制或为其利益而控制的任何信托；（b）就某一投资者而言，“关联方”一词还应包括：（i）该投资者的任何股东，（ii）该投资者的任何普通合伙人或有限合伙人，以及在该投资者中直接或间接享有控制权益的任何主体，（iii）管理该投资者的基金管理人和由该基金管理人管理的其他基金，以及（iv）由上述第b款第（i）项、第（ii）项或第（iii）项中提及的任何该等主体控制的或为了该人的利益而设立的信托。为避免疑义，任何投资者不得被视为任何集团公司的关联方。

转载自：旗渡法务中心  作者：译问