有权做

Have the right to do, be entitled to, may do, reserve the right to do, be (duly) authorized to do,

have the authority to do, do sth at one’s option or/and discretion, be liberty to do

这一组短语是都表示“有权做”。Be entitled to 表示 to give sb. the right to sth.(to sth.)体现该权利法律上的强制性。Reserve the right to do 表示 to have a specified power of right in law 体现法律上规定的权利。而 be authorized to do, have the authority to do 指经授权而有的权利，至于 do sth. at one’s option or/and discretion 则指行为人自主决定的权利。

例1：The Buyer shall nevertheless have the right to cancel in part or in whole of the contract without prejudice to the Buyer's right to claim compensations.

尽管如此，买方有权撤消合同的全部或部分，概不妨碍买方索赔权之行使。

例2：In circumstance provided above in Clause 14.1 C or New Company shall, at its sole option and discretion, be entitled to transfer to B all or part of C or New Company's proprietary rights and ownership of the infrastructure project, under construction or after Completion Date, as liquidated damages, in lieu of computing and compensating the actual damages provided that such transfer shall be conducted of C's own free will or rendered in the arbitration award as stipulated in clause 23.

在上述第十四条第一款规定的情形下，丙方或新公司自行选择决断有权向乙方转让丙方或新公司的所有权及在建或竣工后基础设施的所有权的全部或部分作为约定的固定数额的违约金来替代计算赔偿实际损害，但该转让应为丙方自己自愿实施的行为或根据二十三条的规定基于仲裁裁决的处分。

例3：The Buyer shall establish the covering letter of credit before the date specified in Clause 3 of this Sales Confirmation, failing which the Seller reserves the right to rescind without further notice, or to accept whole or any part of this Sales Confirmation not fulfilled by the Buyer, or to lodge a claim for losses sustained, if any.

买方须于销售确认书第三条所规定的日期之前开出本批交易的信用证。否则，售方有权不经通知取消本确认书，或接受买方对本销售确认书未履行的全部或一部分，或对因此遭受的损失提出索赔。

例4：The supervision personnel appointed by Party A and its representative shall have the authority to supervise the progress of work and give instruction.

甲方任命的监管人员及其代表应有权监督工程进度并发出指令。

有义务、有责任

have the legal obligation to do, be obliged to, shall do, be under the obligation to do, be liable/responsible to do, be liable/responsible for, 在英文合同中这一组短语都表达“有责任、有义务”。参看下例：

例 1：The Company has no legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any other Person to sell any material portion of the assets of the Company, to sell any material portion of the capital stock or other ownership interests of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to effect any merger, consolidation or other reorganization of the Company or any of its Subsidiaries or to enter into any agreement with respect thereto.

本公司没有完全或随附的任何法律义务向任何他人出售公司资产的任何重要部分，出售股本的任何重要部分或本公司或其任一子公司的其他所有权权益，或实现本公司或任一子公司的并购、合并或其他的重组或签订有关以上事项的协议。

例 2：RCII is not under any legal obligation, whether written or oral, to do any of the foregoing.

公司没有任何书面或口头上的法律义务来做以上的任何一项。

例 3： In the case of dangerous and/or poisonous cargo (es), the Seller is obliged to take care to ensure that the nature and the generally adopted symbol shall be marked conspicuously on each package.

在危险或有毒货物的情况下，卖方有义务照管确保其属性安全且应在每一包装上标注通常采用的标识。

例 4：

Within the time as notified by the Buyer, after its arrival at the port of shipment the Seller shall be fully liable to the Buyer and responsible for all losses and expenses such as dead freight, demurrage.

在买方通知的时限内，抵达装运港后，卖方应对买方承担全部责任并对诸如空仓费、延滞费等所有损失和费用负责。

例 5：

The Seller shall not be held liable for failure or delay in delivery of the entire lot or a portion of the goods under this Sales Contract in consequence of any Force Majeure incidents.

卖方对因任何不可抗力事件导致本买卖合同项下整批或部分货物未能交付或延误概不承担责任。

转载自：译问  作者：旗渡法务中心