2018年4月，国家移民管理局组建成立，负责统筹协调移民及出入境管理事项。中国法律对“移民”没有明确定义，联合国将移民界定为“无论因何原因，自愿或非自愿，且无论通过何种手段进行正常或不正常的移民并在外国居住一年以上的人”。通常所说的移民，也包含未在外国居住，但取得外国国籍或永久居住权的情况，“身体”和“身份”的一重或双重迁移。SFBC的小编带大家详细了解一下国籍问题。
In April 2018, the National Immigration Administration was established to coordinate immigration and exit management. Chinese law does not have a clear definition of "migration," but the United Nations defines a migrant as "a person who, for whatever reason, voluntarily or involuntarily, and by whatever means, carries out normal or irregular migration and resides in a foreign country for more than one year." What is commonly referred to as migration also includes the situation of not living in a foreign country, but obtaining a foreign nationality or permanent residence, a double or double migration of "body" and "identity". SFBC's small edition takes you to understand the nationality issue in detail.
国籍：国籍是指一个人属于某一个国家的国民或公民的法律资格，表明一个人同一个特定国家间的固定的法律联系，是国家行使属人管辖权和外交保护权的法律依据。如果父母双方为中国公民，且未加入外国籍或取得外国永久居留权，其孩子在美国出生，将同时符合美国国籍和中国国籍的获取条件，即出现大家口中的“双重国籍”问题。
Nationality: Nationality refers to the legal qualification of a person to be a national or citizen of a certain country, indicating a fixed legal connection between a person and a specific country, and is the legal basis for the state to exercise its jurisdiction ratione personae and diplomatic protection. If both parents are Chinese citizens and have not joined a foreign nationality or obtained permanent residence in a foreign country, their children born in the United States will meet the conditions for obtaining American nationality and Chinese nationality at the same time, that is, there is a "dual nationality" problem.
一、 中国人加入外国国籍的处理途径
1. Methods for Chinese nationals to acquire foreign nationality
我国《国籍法》明确规定不承认中国公民拥有双重国籍，主要有以下2种情况：
China's Nationality Law clearly stipulates that dual nationality of Chinese citizens is not recognized, mainly under the following two circumstances:
1、经批准退出，丧失中国国籍《国籍法》第十条：“中国公民具有下列条件之一的，可以经申请批准退出中国国籍:一、外国人的近亲属;二、定居在外国的;三、有其它正当理由。”第十一条：“申请退出中国国籍获得批准的，即丧失中国国籍。”
Article 10 of the Nationality Law states: "A Chinese citizen may renounce Chinese nationality upon approval of his application if he meets one of the following conditions: (1) A near relative of a foreigner; (2) domiciled in a foreign country; Third, there are other valid reasons." Article 11: "Any person whose application for renunciation of Chinese nationality is approved shall lose Chinese nationality."
2、定居国外自愿取得外籍的，自动丧失。《国籍法》第九条：“定居外国的中国公民，自愿加入或取得外国国籍的，即自动丧失中国国籍。”
2, settled abroad voluntarily acquired foreign, automatically lost. Article 9 of the Nationality Law: "Any Chinese citizen who has settled in a foreign country who voluntarily acquires or acquires a foreign nationality shall automatically lose Chinese nationality."
二、 未成年人国籍冲突问题
Ii. Nationality conflicts of minors
未成年人可办理《旅行证》/一次性《出入境通行证》出入中国边境旅行证：对于以出生地为标准认定国籍的国家，例如巴西、墨西哥、美国、加拿大等，在这些国家出生的中国公民（父母任一方未取得外国国籍和外国永久居住权）孩子，出生时即存在外国国籍和中国国籍冲突的问题。
Minors can apply for "Travel Permit"/one-time "Entry and Exit Permit" to enter and exit China border Travel Permit: For countries where nationality is determined by place of birth, such as Brazil, Mexico, the United States, Canada, etc., the children of Chinese citizens born in these countries (neither parent has obtained foreign nationality or foreign permanent residence) have the problem of conflict between foreign nationality and Chinese nationality at birth.
中华人民共和国旅行证，是替代护照使用的国际旅行证件，是以拥有中国国籍为前提。对于情况特殊的中国籍未成年人，可以向国外当地中国使领馆申请办理旅行证回国。出生即存在国籍冲突的未成年人可申办旅行证出入境中国。
The Travel Certificate of the People's Republic of China is an international travel document used in place of a passport and is a prerequisite for having Chinese nationality. For Chinese minors with special circumstances, they may apply to the local Chinese diplomatic and consular missions abroad for a travel permit to return to China. Minors with conflicting nationalities at birth may apply for a travel permit to enter and exit China.
如果入境中国后旅行证过期（两年有效期），再次出境中国时，可以办理一次性出入境通行证出境，前往中国驻外使领馆再次办理旅行证。
If the travel permit expires after entering China (valid for two years), when leaving China again, you can apply for a one-time exit and entry permit and apply for a travel permit again at Chinese embassies and consulates abroad.
一次性出入境通行证：根据《公安部出入境管理局关于印发
One-time exit and entry pass: According to the Notice of the Exit and Entry Administration Bureau of the Ministry of Public Security on the issuance and Administration of the People's Republic of China's Entry and Exit Pass, "it is a substitute document for an ordinary passport", and the prerequisite for processing is also to have Chinese nationality.
