主动句变被动句易错点

英语老师胡灿奎 2024-02-01 07:58:25

主动句变被动句的易错点

1、含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时,可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动,但变间接宾语为主语的情况较多

主动句:

Tom gave me a present on my birthday.

我生日那天汤姆送了我一件礼物。

被动句:

I was given a present by Tom on my birthday.

A present was given to me on my birthday by Tom.

注意:

如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语,则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词:

一般说来,在 bring,give,hand,lend,offer,pass,sell,show,take,tell 等动词后,通常在间接宾语前用介词 to

而在 build,buy,cook,cut,choose,do,fetch,find,fix,get,keep,make,order , paint , play , sing 等动词,一般在间接宾语前用介词 for,此时for不可省略。

主动句:

Mother make me a new skirt.

母亲给我做了条新裙子。

被动句:

A new skirt was made for me.

主动句:

She lent me the very expensive coat.

她把她那件昂贵的外衣借给了我。

被动句:

The very expensive coat was lent to me.

另外,有时用间接宾语作主语讲不通或不习惯,则用直接宾语作主语

主动句:

Tom wrote me a letter.

汤姆给我写了一封信。

不说:1 was written a letter by Tom.

可说:A letter was written to me by Tom.

注意:

宾语从句一般不可作为被动句的主语

主动句:

He told me when the project would start.

他告诉我工程什么时候开始。

不说:When the project would start was told to me.

可说:1 was told when the project would start.

2、含复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的主动句改被动句时,一般把主动句中的宾语改为主语,而宾语补足语都保留在谓语动词后面为主语补足语

主动句:

We always keep theroom clean.

我们总是保持教室清洁。

被动句:

Theroom is always kept clean.

教室总是保持清洁。

主动句:

We saw them playing football.

我们看到他们在踢足球。

被动句:

They were seen playing football.

有人看见他们在踢足球。

注意:

如果宾补是名词,变被动句时,不要误把宾补的名词作主语

主动句:

We called him an ass.

我们叫他傻瓜。

不说:An ass was called him.

可说:He was called an ass.

3、带有形式宾语it的句子也可变为被动句

主动句:

We consider it wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.

我们认为对犯错误的孩子大喊大叫是不对的。

被动句:

It is considered wrong to shout at children who make mistakes.

4、当主语句的主语是nobody,no one等含否定意义的复合不定代词时,被动句中将其变成anybody,作by的宾语,并将谓语动词变为否定的被动语态

主动句:

Nobody can lift this stone.

谁也拿不起这块石头。

不说:This stone can be lifted by nobody.

可说:This stone cannot be lifted by anybody.

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英语老师胡灿奎

简介:《kwekwe方法英语》《初中三年英语语法精学多解》的作者