BilingualSageWisdom圣贤智慧|孙子兵法之(5):势篇Energy

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势篇Energy

[原文]

孙子曰:凡治众如治寡,分数是也;斗众如斗寡,形名是也。三军之众,可使毕受敌而无败者,奇正是也;兵之所加,如以碫投卵者,虚实是也。

凡战者以正合,以奇胜。故善出奇者,无穷如天地,不竭如江海。终而复始,日月是也。死而复生,四时是也。声不过五,五声之变不可胜听也;色不过五,五色之变不可胜观也;味不过五,五味之变不可胜尝也。战势不过奇正,奇正之变不可胜穷也。奇正相生,如循环之无端,孰能穷之哉?激水之疾,至于漂石者,势也;鸷鸟之疾,至于毁折者,节也。

故善战者,其势险,其节短。势如彍弩,节如发机。纷纷纭纭,斗乱而不可乱;浑浑沌沌,形圆而不可败。乱生于治,怯生于勇,弱生于强。治乱,数也;勇怯,势也;强弱,形也。

故善动敌者,形之,敌必从之;予之,敌必取之。以利动之,以卒待之。故善战者,求之于势,不责于人,故能择人而任势。任势者,其战人也,如转木石。木石之性,安则静,危则动,方则止,圆则行。

故善战人之势,如转圆石于千仞之山者,势也。

[译文]

孙子说:管理大部队如同管理小部队一样,是属于军队的组织编制问题;指挥大量士兵作战如同指挥少量士兵作战一样,是属于指挥号令的问题。三军将士,可全面承受敌人攻击而不会失败,是靠“奇正”的战术变化;兵力所向,如同以石击卵,是靠“虚实”的正确运用。

一般作战,是以“正”兵当敌,以“奇”兵取胜。所以善于出奇制胜的将帅,其战术变化有如天地变化一样无穷无尽,像江海一样永不枯竭。周而复始,如同日月出没;去而又来,就像四季变换。音阶不过五种,五种音阶的变化组合,就能产生出听也听不完的音乐来;颜色不过五种,五种颜色的变化组合,就能产生出看也看不完的色彩;味道不过五种,五种味道的变化组合,就能产生出尝也尝不完的味道;作战的战术不过“奇、正”两种,但“奇、正”的变化组合,就能产生出变化无穷的战略战术。“奇”与“正”相互转化,如同顺着圆圈旋转,无始无终,谁能够穷尽它呢?湍急的流水飞快地奔泻,竟使水中的石头漂起,是借助水势;猛禽的搏击,竟使小动物当即毙命,是靠掌握节奏。

所以善战的人,他所造成的态势是险峻的,所掌握的节奏是短促的。制造态势有如张满强弩,掌握节奏有如击发弩机,纷纷纭纭,战斗混乱而军队不乱;混混沌沌,阵容严整而不可挫败。混乱产生于整齐,怯懦产生于勇敢,虚弱产生于强大。整齐与混乱,是由组织编制好坏造成的;勇敢与怯懦,是由态势优劣造成的;强大与虚弱,是由实力大小对比显现的。

所以善于诱使敌人行动的人,伪装假象迷惑敌人,敌必信从;用小利引诱敌人,敌人一定会为其所诱。用这样的办法去调动敌人,用重兵伺机来攻击它。所以善战的人,只求之于“势”,而不求之于人,能选择人以适应“势”。善于造“势”的将领,指挥士兵作战,有如转动滚木圆石。木头石块的特性,平放则静止,倾斜则滚动,方形容易静止,圆形滚动灵活。

因此善于作战的人,有如从千仞高山滚下圆石,这就是所谓“势”。

[英文]

SunTzusaid:Thecontrolofalargeforceisthesameprincipleasthecontrolofafewmen:itismerelyaquestionofdividinguptheirnumbers.Fightingwithalargearmyunderyourcommandisnowisedifferentfromfightingwithasmallone:itismerelyaquestionofinstitutingsignsandsignals.Toensurethatyourwholehostmaywithstandthebruntoftheenemy'sattackandremainunshaken-thisiseffectedbymaneuversdirectandindirect.Thattheimpactofyourarmymaybelikeagrindstonedashedagainstanegg-thisiseffectedbythescienceofweakpointsandstrong.

Inallfighting,thedirectmethodmaybeusedforjoiningbattle,butindirectmethodswillbeneededinordertosecurevictory.Indirecttactics,efficientlyapplied,areinexhaustibleasHeavenandEarth,unendingastheflowofriversandstreams;likethesunandmoon,theyendbuttobeginanew;likethefourseasons,theypassawaytoreturnoncemore.Therearenotmorethanfivemusicalnotes,yetthecombinationsofthesefivegiverisetomoremelodiesthancaneverbeheard.Therearenotmorethanfiveprimarycolors(blue,yellow,red,white,andblack),yetincombinationtheyproducemorehuesthancaneverbeenseen.Therearenotmorethanfivecardinaltastes(sour,acrid,salt,sweet,bitter),yetcombinationsofthemyieldmoreflavorsthancaneverbetasted.Inbattle,therearenotmorethantwomethodsofattack---thedirectandtheindirect;yetthesetwoincombinationgiverisetoanendlessseriesofmaneuvers.Thedirectandtheindirectleadontoeachotherinturn.Itislikemovinginacircle---younevercometoanend.Whocanexhaustthepossibilitiesoftheircombination?Theonsetoftroopsisliketherushofatorrentwhichwillevenrollstonesalonginitscourse.Thequalityofdecisionislikethewell-timedswoopofafalconwhichenablesittostrikeanddestroyitsvictim.

Thereforethegoodfighterwillbeterribleinhisonset,andpromptinhisdecision.Energymaybelikenedtothebendingofacrossbow;decision,tothereleasingofatrigger.Amidtheturmoilandtumultofbattle,theremaybeseemingdisorderandyetnorealdisorderatall;amidconfusionandchaos,yourarraymaybewithoutheadortail,yetitwillbeproofagainstdefeat.Simulateddisorderpostulatesperfectdiscipline,simulatedfearpostulatescourage;simulatedweaknesspostulatesstrength.Hidingorderbeneaththecloakofdisorderissimplyaquestionofsubdivision;concealingcourageunderashowoftimiditypresupposesafundoflatentenergy;maskingstrengthwithweaknessistobeeffectedbytacticaldispositions.

Thusonewhoisskillfulatkeepingtheenemyonthemovemaintainsdeceitfulappearances,accordingtowhichtheenemywillact.Hesacrificessomething,thattheenemymaysnatchatit.Byholdingoutbaits,hekeepshimonthemarch;thenwithabodyofpickedmenheliesinwaitforhim.Theclevercombatantlookstotheeffectofcombinedenergy,anddoesnotrequiretoomuchfromindividuals.Hencehisabilitytopickouttherightmenandutilizecombinedenergy.Whenheutilizescombinedenergy,hisfightingmenbecomeasitwerelikeuntorollinglogsorstones.Foritisthenatureofalogorstonetoremainmotionlessonlevelground,andtomovewhenonaslope;iffour-cornered,tocometoastandstill,butifround-shaped,togorollingdown.

Thustheenergydevelopedbygoodfightingmenisasthemomentumofaroundstonerolleddownamountainthousandsoffeetinheight.Somuchonthesubjectofenergy.

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