翻译资格考试:汉语长句的翻译——断句

英语一点 2024-08-22 18:31:10

在翻译资格考试的汉译英中,不论必译题还是选译题,每个段落中都会出现较长的句子。在翻译长句前,我们还是要对原文进行准确理解,判断一下是不是要采用断句的方式进行翻译,如果是的话,要找出哪个部分翻译成英语的主句,哪些部分翻译成从句、介词短语等等。翻译中的断句可能是考试中的考点及得分点。请看下面源自真题中的一句话:

面对很不安宁的世界,面对艰巨繁重的任务,全党同志一定要增强忧患意识,居安思危,/清醒地看到日趋激烈的国际竞争带来的严峻挑战,清醒地看到前进道路上的困难和风险,/倍加顾全大局,倍加珍视团结,倍加维护稳定。

从整个句子看,“居安思危”前是在提醒或者警告同志们要有忧患意识,整个意思已经很完整,可以把它单独翻译成一个句子,“面对……面对……”就翻译成介词短语做状语(in face of)就好。其中“居安思危”可以译成think of danger in times of peace,或者be prepared for danger in times of safety。同时要注意Party首字母要大写。这部分可以译成:

In the face of a world that is far from being tranquil and the formidable tasks before us, all Party members must enhance the sense of urgency and think of danger in times of peace.

原句中有两个“清醒看到……”,从意思上看,他们是可以独立成句的。我们可以翻译成一个独立的句子。如果翻译成两个并列谓语“清醒看到”,从语法上讲没有问题,但如果我们把这两“清醒看到……”译成只有一个谓语动词的句子(不指从句),那么句子会更加紧凑,会更符合英语的表达习惯。再有,原句的“看到”指的是“意识到”,动词不用see,find,用be aware of 更好。因为汉语原文的这部分缺少主语,增加we即可。可以翻译成:

We must be keenly aware of the rigorous challenges brought about by the ever-sharpening international competition as well as risks and difficulties that may arise on our road ahead.

原句的第三部分“倍加顾全大局,倍加珍视团结,倍加维护稳定”又是一个完整的意思,可以单独翻译成一句话。这个句子可以翻译成简单句,增加主语we,使用三个并列的动词。平时多阅读英汉对照的时政文章,牢记一些常用的时政短语的英文表达,像句中的“顾全大局”就能翻译地更准确。这个部分可以翻译成:

We must bear in mind the overall interests of our Party all the more deeply, cherish the solidarity all the more dearly and safeguard stability all the more firmly.

这个汉语句子则译成:

In the face of a world that is far from being tranquil and the formidable tasks before us, all Party members must enhance the sense of urgency and think of danger in times of peace. We must be keenly aware of the rigorous challenges brought about by the ever-sharpening international competition as well as risks and difficulties that may arise on our road ahead. We must bear in mind the overall interests of our Party all the more deeply, cherish the solidarity all the more dearly and safeguard stability all the more firmly.

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