引言
抗逆转录病毒疗法(antiretroviral therapy, ART)不能治愈人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染,由于长寿命细胞储存库的存在,病毒载量(VL)通常会在治疗中断后反弹【1, 2】。研究表明由于先天免疫功能失调和中央记忆T细胞(TCM)分化为效应T细胞过程受损,导致病毒清除缺陷并伴随血浆白细胞介素10(IL-10)水平升高【3】,而来自IL-10−/−小鼠的T淋巴细胞表现出高度激活的表型,表达抗病毒细胞因子并响应同源抗原脱颗粒,提示IL-10阻断可改善细胞毒性T细胞反应并有助于清除慢性病毒感染【4】。此外,在HIV感染中,体外阻断IL-10Ra会增加CD4+T细胞IFNγ的分泌并恢复HIV特异性T细胞的多功能性【5】。最近,人们在恒河猴中发现IL-10通过多种机制在维持猿猴免疫缺陷病毒(SIV)储存库中发挥关键作用,包括上调生存信号和增强共抑制受体(co-IR, 如PD-1)的表达【6, 7】。由此可见,IL-10和PD-1协同可抑制慢性病毒感染中的T细胞活化、分化和效应功能。
近日,来自美国埃默里大学医学院的Rafick P. Sekaly团队在Nature Immunology杂志上发表了一篇题为Dual blockade of IL-10 and PD-1 leads to control of SIV viral rebound following analytical treatment interruption的文章,他们证明ART治疗中断后的恒河猴在接受抗IL-10和抗PD-1联合疗法后可实现对SIV反弹的持久控制,治疗中断前促炎细胞因子的诱导、淋巴结中效应CD8+T细胞的增殖以及CD4+T细胞中BCL-2表达的减少可预测病毒反弹的控制,治疗中断后接受联合疗法的恒河猴血液和淋巴结中表达TCF-1的记忆T细胞以及SIV特异性CD4+和CD8+T细胞的较高频率相关与较低的病毒载量相关,这些发现为ART停止后实现HIV或SIV的长期控制提供了思路。
参考文献
1. Pourcher, V., Gourmelen, J., Bureau, I. & Bouee, S. Comorbidities in people living with HIV: an epidemiologic and economic analysis using a claims database in France. PLoS ONE 15, e0243529 (2020).2. Galvez, C. et al. Atlas of the HIV-1 reservoir in peripheral CD4 T cells of individuals on successful antiretroviral therapy. mBio. 12, e0307821 (2021).3. Tian, Y., Mollo, S. B., Harrington, L. E. & Zajac, A. J. IL-10 regulates memory T cell development and the balance between Th1 and follicular Th cell responses during an acute viral infection. J. Immunol. 197, 1308–1321 (2016).4. Pitt, J. M. et al. Blockade of IL-10 signaling during bacillus Calmette-Guerin vaccination enhances and sustains Th1, Th17, and innate lymphoid IFN-gamma and IL-17 responses and increases protection to Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. J. Immunol. 189, 4079–4087 (2012).5. Wilson, E. B. & Brooks, D. G. The role of IL-10 in regulating immunity to persistent viral infections. Curr. Top. Microbiol Immunol. 350, 39–65 (2011).6. Fromentin, R. et al. CD4+ T cells expressing PD-1, TIGIT and LAG-3 contribute to HIV persistence during ART. PLoS Pathog. 12, e1005761 (2016).7. Trautmann, L. et al. Upregulation of PD-1 expression on HIV-specific CD8+ T cells leads to reversible immune dysfunction. Nat. Med. 12, 1198–1202 (2006).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41590-024-01952-4责编|探索君
排版|探索君
来源|BioArt
End