heave
英 [hiːv] 美 [hiːv]
v.用力举起；抛出；扔；恶心；（费力地）发出（叹息等）n.举；抛；起伏
◉Etymology
“Heave”源自古英语“hebban”，意为“举起”或“提升”，属于日耳曼语系，与古高地德语“heffen”（举）和古诺斯语“hefja”（抬高）同源。这一词根强调一种费力的向上动作，可能与劳动或重物相关。到中古英语时期，“heave”逐渐定型，不仅保留了“用力举起”的含义，还扩展到“抛掷”“喘息”甚至“起伏”（如波浪），展现出丰富的语义层次。其发音和形式简洁有力，恰如其意。
◉外刊例句
① 《The Guardian》 (2023年10月19日)
Rescuers heaved the debris aside, desperate to reach survivors beneath.
救援人员用力搬开碎片，急切地想救出下面的幸存者。
② 《Scientific American》 (2024年6月8日)
The ocean heaved under the storm, sending waves crashing against the shore.
风暴下，海洋剧烈起伏，海浪猛烈撞击着海岸。
◉经典名著
① 《白鲸》（Moby-Dick）——赫尔曼·梅尔维尔 (1851年)
The ship heaved and groaned as the whale struck its side.
当鲸鱼撞击船侧时，船身剧烈起伏并发出呻吟。
② 《德伯家的苔丝》（Tess of the d’Urbervilles）——托马斯·哈代 (1891年)
Her chest heaved with sobs she could no longer suppress.
她的胸膛因无法抑制的抽泣而起伏。
◉Usage Notes
(1) He hove a chair through the window.
(2) Heave the rocks into the ravine.
(3) It's a very bad thing to heave things around.
(4) A performance like that makes me want to heave up.
(5) With one more heave, we got the box onto the shelf.
(6) He gave the discus a tremendous heave.
(7) I felt the soil creep and heave beneath me, like some monstrous serpent.
(1) 他把椅子从窗户中抛出。
(2) 把这些石头扔进深谷里。
(3) 把东西到处乱扔是很不好的习惯。
(4) 像那样的表演简直令我作呕。
(5) 我们再使把劲,就把箱子抬到架子上了。
(6) 他猛一使劲掷出铁饼。
(7) 我觉得大地在我下面起伏蠕动，象一条可怕的巨蟒。
◉Usage Examples
When you heave something, you haul or lift a heavy object. You might not realize how fat your cat has become until you have to heave him out of the way to make room for yourself on the sofa.
You heave a heavy object when you lift it, like when you heave piles of wet snow out of your driveway with a shovel, and you can heave yourself out of bed in the morning, if it takes a huge effort to get yourself into a vertical position. You can even heave a heavy sigh, which simply means you sigh loudly. To vomit is also sometimes described as heaving, describing the unpleasant effort of your stomach muscles.
◉Colins
The forms heaves, heaving, heaved are used for meanings 1 to 4, and for the phrasal verb. The forms heaves, heaving, hove are used for meaning 5. 变化形式 heaves、heaving 和 heaved 用于义项1至4及短语动词。变化形式heaves、heaving 和 hove 用于义项5。
1. [VERB 动词]（用力地）推，拉，拖，举起 If you heave something heavy or difficult to move somewhere, you push, pull, or lift it using a lot of effort. [V n prep/adv]
It took five strong men to heave the statue up a ramp and lower it into place...
靠了5个强壮的男子才将雕像拉上坡道，再下放到合适的位置。
He heaved Barney to his feet...
他拉巴尼站了起来。
He heaved himself up off his stool.
他从凳子上起了身。
Heave is also a noun.
It took only one heave to hurl him into the river.
只一推，就把他推进了河里。
2. [VERB 动词]（有节奏地）起伏 If something heaves, it moves up and down with large regular movements. [V] [V-ing]
His chest heaved, and he took a deep breath.
他的胸脯上下起伏，然后他深深地吸了口气。
...the grey, heaving seas.
波涛起伏的灰色海面
