初中英语短语动词众多,且很多短语动词在意义上是一个整体,用法上有的相当于及物动词,有的相当于不及物动词,有的兼有及物动词和不及物动词的特征。以下是对一些常见短语动词的辨析:
一、动词+副词cheer up:振奋起来clean up:打扫干净get up:起床put up:举起/搭建/张贴/提名think over:仔细考虑pick up:捡起宾语为名词时,可放在副词前或后;宾语为代词时,要放在副词前。例如:She picked the pen up and gave it back to me.(她捡起钢笔并还给了我。)turn down:调低start off:出发look out:当心give out:分发give up:放弃宾语为名词时,可放在副词前或后;宾语为代词时,要放在副词前。例如:You should never give your dreams up.(你永远不应该放弃你的梦想。)go on:继续可用作不及物动词,也可接介词构成短语动词。例如:Go on and I’ll catch up with you in five minutes.(继续走,我五分钟内就能追上你。)二、动词+介词look after:照顾belong to:属于take after:像hear from:收到……来信hear of:听说send for:派人去请pay for:赔偿/支付wait for:等待care for:照顾/非常喜欢laugh at:嘲笑worry about:担心listen to:听make friends with:与……交朋友take care of:照顾/照料/注意宾语只能放在介词后。例如:You should take care of your younger brother.(你应该照顾好你的弟弟。)make use of:利用宾语只能放在介词后。例如:We should make full use of our time.(我们应该充分利用时间。)pay attention to:注意宾语只能放在介词后。例如:You should pay attention to your handwriting.(你应该注意你的书写。)三、动词+副词+介词run out of:用光get out of:逃避come up with:想出catch up with:赶上look forward to:盼望宾语只能放在介词后,且介词to后需接动词的-ing形式。例如:We are looking forward to seeing you soon.(我们期待着尽快见到你。)go on with:继续宾语只能放在介词后。例如:After a short rest, he went on with his research work.(短暂休息后,他继续他的研究工作。)四、动词+名词have a rest:休息一下take a walk:散步make a mistake:犯错have a try:试一下take place:发生(用作不及物动词)tell a lie:撒谎五、动词+名词+介词have a look at:看一看make friends with:与……交朋友(与动词+介词中的短语重复,但强调结构)have a drink of:喝一口pay attention to:注意(与动词+介词中的短语重复,但强调结构)make fun of:取笑宾语只能放在介词后。例如:Don’t make fun of others.(不要取笑别人。)六、be+形容词(包括过去分词做形容词)+介词be late for:迟到be busy with:忙于be worried about:担心be fond of:喜爱be good at:擅长be good/bad for:对……有益/有害be short of:缺乏be similar to:与……相似be strict with:对……严格要求be proud of:为……而骄傲be different from:与……不同七、其他常见短语动词come down:下来;落come along:来;随同come to oneself:苏醒come true:实现come out:花开;发芽;出现;出来come over:过来;顺便来访come in:进来come on:来吧;跟着来;赶快do one’s best:尽最大努力do well in:在……干得好do one’s homework:做作业do some reading:阅读fall asleep:入睡fall behind:落在……后面fall off:从……掉下fall down:倒下;跌倒get down:下来;落下get on:上车get to:到达get back:回来;取回get off:下来get on well with:与……相处融洽get married:结婚get together:相聚give…a hand:给与……帮助give a concert:开音乐会go back:回去go home:回家go to bed:睡觉go over:过一遍;仔细检查go out:外出;到外面go wrong:走错路go shopping:买东西go boating:去划船go fishing:去钓鱼go hiking:去徒步旅行go skating:去滑冰go straight along:沿着……一直往前走have a seat:坐下have supper:吃晚餐have sports:进行体育活动have a cold:感冒have a cough:咳嗽have a good time:过得愉快have a headache:头痛look for:寻找look over:仔细检查look up:向上看;抬头看look like:看起来像make the bed:整理床铺make a noise:吵闹make a faces:做鬼脸make one’s way to:往……走去make room for:给……腾出地方make a decision:做出决定put on:上演;穿上;戴上put down:把某物放下来put away:把某物收起来put off:推迟take off:脱掉衣服take photos:照相take time:花费时间take out:取出take a seat:坐下take an active part in:积极参加take exercise:做运动take one’s place:坐某人的位置;代替某人的职务talk about:谈话;交谈talk with:和……交谈turn on:打开电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等turn off:关上电灯、收音机、煤气、自来水等turn…over:把……翻过来think of:认为;想起think about:考虑以上是对初中英语中一些常见短语动词的辨析,希望对你有所帮助。在实际学习中,建议结合例句和语境进行理解和记忆,以更好地掌握这些短语动词的用法。