乌鸦喝水和鹦鹉学舌的故事虽说是虚构,但可以说明在鸟类中,这两种鸟通常被人们认为是智商较高的,而聒噪的海鸥则被归为"蠢鸟" 的行列。
造成这种误解除了各方面的原因之外,英国大文豪莎士比亚也负有一定的责任。
在他的《第十二夜》(Twelfth Night) 和《亨利五世》(Henry V) 中,莎士比亚先后12次提到了gull (即 seagull) 这个单词,gull 被认为是出自 beguiled /bɪ'gaɪld/ (被欺骗),指被愚弄的对象。
△在莎翁的世界里,情况就不一样了,gull 是傻瓜代名词和恶作剧 (prank) 的牺牲品。
今天说的 gullible /'gʌləbl/ 与 gull 和 beguiled 同源,词根 gull 表示欺骗。
词义:
gullible 在字典里的释义:
There are many miracle cures on the market for people gullible enough to buy.
市场上有很多所谓的奇效药,专门诱骗那些容易上当的人掏腰包。(a.)
She took part of the blame for her gullibility.
她为自己的轻信而承担了部分责任。(n.)
相关:
我们常说的 naive /naɪ'i:v/ 也可以写成 naïve,这是它的法语单词出处,表示"幼稚的,轻信的,毫无经验的"。另一个形容词 innocent /'ɪnəsnt/ 则表示无辜清白,不能等同于偏听偏信的 gullible。
与 gullible 词义最接近,且更为正式的是 credulous /'kredʒələs/,"轻信/易受骗的"之意。
不过,这个单词容易望文生义,常被误解为是credible /'kredəbl/ (可信的) 的同义词,这点需特别注意。
口语表达 wet behind the ears 表示由于年龄幼小而缺乏经验,即常说的少不经事或乳臭未干。
影视:
△Paddington 2 (《帕丁顿熊2》)
△《帕丁顿熊2》海报
名著:
Then...four years ago...the means for my return seemed assured. A wizard - young, foolish and gullible - wandered across my path in the forest I had made my home. Oh, he seemed the very chance I had been dreaming of...for he was a teacher at Dumbledore's school...he was easy to bend to my will...he brought me back to this country, and after a while, I took possession of his body, to supervise him closely as he carried out my orders. But my plan failed. I did not manage to steal the Philosopher's SStone. I was not to be assured immortal Life. I was thwarted...thwarted, once again, by Harry Potter..."
- From Chapter 33 The Death Eaters of Harry Potter and the Goblet of Fire by J.K. Rowling
"后来...四年前...我的复活似乎有了指望。一个年轻,愚蠢,容易上当的巫师走进了我落脚的那片森林,碰巧被我撞上了。哦,那似乎是我梦寐以求的机会...因为他是邓布利多学校里的教师...他很容易受我摆布...他把我带回这个国家,后来我附在他身上,密切监视他,指导他执行我的命令。但是我的计划失败了,我没偷到魔法石,不能保证长生不死。我被挫败了...又是被哈利·波特挫败了..."
-《哈利·波特与火焰杯》第33章《食死徒》
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