人工智能（AI）正以惊人的速度重塑世界，从医疗、教育到交通、金融，AI的应用无处不在。然而，伴随着技术的飞速发展，AI的潜在风险也日益凸显：数据隐私泄露、算法偏见、伦理困境、就业冲击等问题层出不穷。如何在推动AI创新的同时，确保其发展符合社会价值观和公共利益，成为中国政府在AI监管上面临的核心挑战。
一、AI未来发展趋势：机遇与风险并存
AI的未来发展趋势可以用“三化”概括：智能化、普及化、生态化。
1.智能化：AI正从专用人工智能（ANI）向通用人工智能（AGI）迈进。DeepSeek等技术的突破表明，AI不仅能在特定任务上超越人类，还可能在多个领域实现通用化。然而，AGI的发展也带来了不可控的风险。例如，AI系统可能因设计缺陷或数据偏见而做出错误决策，甚至可能被恶意利用。
2.普及化：AI技术正从高成本、高门槛的“奢侈品”变为低成本、易使用的“日用品”。DeepSeek的低成本推理模型和开源模式，让更多中小企业和个人能够参与AI开发。然而，普及化也意味着AI技术的滥用风险增加。例如，深度伪造（Deepfake）技术可能被用于制造虚假信息，扰乱社会秩序。
3.生态化：AI产业正从单一技术竞争转向生态系统竞争。英伟达的CUDA生态、DeepSeek的开源生态，都是典型案例。然而，生态化也带来了垄断风险。少数科技巨头可能通过控制核心技术、数据和平台，形成“AI霸权”，挤压中小企业的生存空间。
面对这些趋势，中国政府的监管任务既紧迫又复杂：既要为AI创新提供宽松的环境，又要防范技术滥用和垄断风险。
二、中国政府如何做到有效监管？
AI监管的核心在于平衡创新与规范。过于宽松的监管可能导致技术滥用，而过于严格的监管则可能扼杀创新。为此，中国政府需要在以下几个方面发力：
1.建立分层监管体系，精准施策
AI技术的应用场景千差万别，监管不能“一刀切”。例如，医疗AI关乎生命健康，需要严格监管；而娱乐AI则可以在一定程度上放宽限制。中国政府可以借鉴欧盟的《人工智能法案》，将AI应用分为“高风险”和“低风险”两类，实施分层监管。
高风险领域（如医疗、金融、司法）：建立严格的准入机制，要求AI系统通过第三方认证，确保其安全性、可靠性和透明性。
低风险领域（如娱乐、教育）：鼓励创新，简化审批流程，但要求企业承担社会责任，防止技术滥用。
2.加强数据隐私保护，筑牢安全底线
数据是AI的“燃料”，但也是隐私泄露的“重灾区”。中国政府应进一步完善数据隐私保护法律体系，明确数据收集、存储、使用的边界。例如，可以借鉴欧盟的《通用数据保护条例》（GDPR），要求企业在使用用户数据前获得明确授权，并对数据泄露事件承担法律责任。
此外，政府还应推动数据共享机制的建立，打破“数据孤岛”。例如，可以建立国家级的数据交易平台，鼓励企业在保护隐私的前提下共享数据，促进AI技术的协同创新。
3.推动算法透明化，消除“黑箱”风险
AI算法的“黑箱”特性是监管的一大难点。用户往往无法理解AI的决策过程，也难以对其结果提出质疑。为此，中国政府应推动算法透明化，要求企业公开算法的基本原理和决策逻辑。
例如，可以要求AI企业在提供金融服务时，向用户解释贷款审批的依据；在提供医疗诊断时，向医生和患者说明诊断结果的来源。此外，政府还应建立算法审计机制，定期对AI系统进行审查，确保其公平性和合规性。
4.构建伦理框架，引导AI向善发展
AI不仅是一项技术，更是一种社会力量。中国政府应牵头制定AI伦理框架，明确AI发展的道德底线。例如，可以禁止将AI用于侵犯人权、制造虚假信息、操纵舆论等行为。
此外，政府还应鼓励企业将伦理原则融入AI设计和开发过程。例如，可以要求企业在开发AI系统时，进行伦理风险评估，确保其符合社会价值观。
5.支持开源生态，打破技术垄断
开源是AI技术普及的重要推动力。DeepSeek的成功证明，开源模式不仅降低了AI开发的门槛，还促进了技术的民主化。中国政府应大力支持开源生态的发展，鼓励企业、高校和研究机构参与开源项目。
例如，可以设立国家级开源基金，资助优秀的开源项目；还可以推动建立开源社区，促进国内外开发者的交流与合作。通过支持开源，中国可以在全球AI生态中占据更重要的地位，打破少数科技巨头的垄断。
6.加强国际合作，参与全球规则制定
AI是全球性技术，其监管需要国际合作。中国政府应积极参与全球AI规则的制定，推动建立公平、包容的国际AI治理体系。
例如，可以与其他国家合作，制定AI技术的国际标准；还可以推动建立跨国AI监管机构，协调各国在AI治理上的立场。通过加强国际合作，中国不仅可以提升自身的国际影响力，还可以为全球AI发展贡献中国智慧。
三、监管的艺术：在创新与规范之间寻找平衡
AI监管不是简单的“管”与“放”，而是一门艺术。它需要在创新与规范之间寻找平衡，既要为AI发展提供宽松的环境，又要防范技术滥用和垄断风险。
中国政府应以开放的心态、科学的理念和务实的行动，推动AI监管体系的完善。例如，可以设立AI监管沙盒，允许企业在受控环境中测试新技术；还可以建立AI监管智库，汇聚各方智慧，为政策制定提供科学依据。
AI的未来充满希望，但也充满挑战。只有通过有效的监管，才能确保AI技术真正造福人类，而不是成为威胁社会稳定的“双刃剑”。中国政府在AI监管上的探索，不仅关乎国家的科技竞争力，更关乎人类的未来命运。让我们共同努力，在创新与规范之间找到一条光明的道路，为AI的未来保驾护航。
作者简介：梁世杰 中医高年资主治医师，本科学历，从事中医临床工作24年，积累了较丰富的临床经验。师从首都医科大学附属北京中医院肝病科主任医师、著名老中医陈勇，侍诊多载，深得器重，尽得真传！擅用“商汤经方分类疗法”、专病专方结合“焦树德学术思想”“关幼波十纲辨证”学术思想治疗疑难杂症为特色。现任北京树德堂中医研究院研究员，北京中医药薪火传承新3+3工程—焦树德门人（陈勇）传承工作站研究员，国际易联易学与养生专委会常务理事，中国中医药研究促进会焦树德学术传承专业委员会委员，中国药文化研究会中医药慢病防治分会首批癌症领域入库专家。荣获2020年中国中医药研究促进会仲景医学分会举办的第八届医圣仲景南阳论坛“经方名医”荣誉称号。2023年首届京津冀“扁鹊杯”燕赵医学研究主题征文优秀奖获得者。事迹入选《当代科学家》杂志、《中华英才》杂志。
The future development trend of AI and the regulatory approach of the Chinese government: finding a balance between innovation and regulation
Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping the world at an astonishing rate, from healthcare and education to transportation and finance, AI applications are everywhere. However, with the rapid development of technology, the potential risks of AI are becoming increasingly prominent: issues such as data privacy leakage, algorithm bias, ethical dilemmas, and employment impact are constantly emerging. How to promote AI innovation while ensuring its development conforms to social values and public interests has become the core challenge facing the Chinese government in AI regulation.
I. The future development trend of AI: opportunities and risks coexist
The future development trend of AI can be summarized as "three-in-one": intelligent, popular, and ecological.
1. Intelligence: AI is moving from specialized artificial intelligence (ANI) to general artificial intelligence (AGI). The breakthrough of technologies such as DeepSeek shows that AI can not only surpass humans in specific tasks, but also achieve generalization in multiple fields. However, the development of AGI also brings uncontrollable risks. For example, AI systems may make incorrect decisions due to design flaws or data bias, and may even be maliciously exploited.
2. Popularization: AI technology is changing from a high-cost, high-threshold "luxury item" to a low-cost, easy-to-use "everyday item". DeepSeek's low-cost inference model and open-source model enable more SMEs and individuals to participate in AI development. However, generalization also means an increased risk of misuse of AI technology. For example, deepfake technology can be used to create false information and disrupt social order.
3. Ecological: The AI industry is shifting from single technology competition to ecosystem competition. Yingvida's CUDA ecology and DeepSeek's open source ecology are allic cases. However, ecologicalization also carries the risk of monopoly. A small number of technology giants may form an "AI hegemony" by controlling core technologies, data, and platforms, squeezing the survival space of small and medium-sized enterprises.
Faced with these trends, the regulatory task of the Chinese government is both urgent and complex: it must provide a relaxed environment for AI innovation while also preventing the risk of technology abuse and monopoly.
How does the Chinese government ensure effective regulation?
The core of AI regulation is to balance innovation and regulation. Too lenient regulation can lead to the misuse of technology, while too strict regulation can stifle innovation. To this end, the Chinese government needs to step up its efforts in the following areas:
1. Establish a layered regulatory system and apply precision measures
The application scenarios of AI technology are diverse, and supervision cannot be "one-size-fits-all". For example, medical AI is related to people's lives and health, so it needs strict supervision. Entertainment AI, on the other hand, can relax restrictions to a certain extent. The Chinese government can learn from the EU's Artificial Intelligence Act and divide AI applications into "high-risk" and "low-risk" categories, and implement layered regulation.
High-risk areas (such as healthcare, finance, and justice): establish strict access mechanisms, requiring AI systems to pass third-party certification to ensure their safety, reliability, and transparency.
Low-risk sectors (e.g. entertainment, education): encourage innovation and simplify the approval process, but require companies to take social responsibility to prevent the misuse of technology.
2. Strengthening data privacy protection and tightening security boundaries
Data is the "fuel" for AI, but it is also a "hot spot" for privacy breaches. The Chinese government should further improve the legal system for data privacy protection and clarify the boundaries of data collection, storage and use. For example, the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requires companies to obtain explicit authorisations before using user data and to assume legal responsibility for data breaches.
In addition, the government should also promote the establishment of data sharing system to break the "data isolated island." For example, a national-level data trading platform can be established to encourage enterprises to share data while protecting privacy and promote collaborative innovation in AI technology.
3. Promote algorithmic transparency and eliminate "black box" risks
The "black box" feature of AI algorithms is a major difficulty for regulation. Users often cannot understand the decision-making process of AI and find it difficult to question its results. To this end, the Chinese government should promote algorithm transparency and require companies to disclose the basic principles and decision logic of algorithms.
For example, AI enterprises can be required to explain the basis for loan approval to users when providing financial services; When providing a medical diagnosis, explain to the doctor and patient the source of the diagnosis. In addition, the government should also establish an algorithm audit mechanism to review AI systems regularly to ensure their fairness and compliance.
4. Build an ethical framework to guide AI to develop in a good direction
AI is not only a technology, but also a social force. The Chinese government should take the lead in formulating an AI ethics framework to clarify the moral bottom line of AI development. For example, it is possible to prohibit the use of AI to violate human rights, create false information, and manipulate public opinion.
In addition, the government should also encourage enterprises to integrate ethical principles into the AI design and development process. For example, enterprises can be required to conduct ethical risk assessments when developing AI systems to ensure that they comply with social values.
5. Supporting the open source ecosystem to break the technology monopoly
Open source is an important driving force for the popularization of AI technology. The success of DeepSeek proves that the open source model not only lowers the threshold for AI development, but also promotes the democratization of technology. The Chinese government should strongly support the development of the open source ecosystem and encourage enterprises, universities and research institutions to participate in open source projects.
For example, a national open source fund could be set up to fund outstanding open source projects; It can also promote the establishment of an open source community and promote exchange and cooperation among developers at home and abroad. By supporting open source, China can occupy a more important position in the global AI ecosystem and break the monopoly of a few technology giants.
6. Strengthen international cooperation and participation in global rule-making
AI is a global technology, and its regulation requires international cooperation. The Chinese government should actively participate in the formulation of global AI rules and promote the establishment of an equitable and inclusive international AI governance system.
For example, it can cooperate with other countries to formulate international standards for AI technology; It can also promote the establishment of cross-border AI regulators to coordinate the positions of various countries on AI governance. By strengthening international cooperation, China can not only enhance its own international influence, but also contribute Chinese wisdom to global AI development.
III. The Art of Regulation: Finding a Balance between Innovation and Norms
AI regulation is not a simple matter of "regulation" and "release", but an art. It needs to find a balance between innovation and regulation, providing a relaxed environment for AI development while preventing the risks of technology abuse and monopoly.
The Chinese government should promote the improvement of the AI regulatory system with an open mind, scientific concepts, and pragmatic actions. For example, an AI regulatory sandbox can be established to allow companies to test new technologies in a controlled environment; We can also establish an AI regulatory think tank to bring together the wisdom of all parties and provide scientific basis for policy-making.
The future of AI is full of hope, but also full of challenges. Only through effective regulation can we ensure that AI technology truly benefits humanity, rather than becoming a "double-edged sword" that threatens social stability. The exploration of AI regulation by the Chinese government is not only related to the country's scientific and technological competitiveness, but also to the future fate of mankind. Let us work together to find a bright path between innovation and standardization, and escort the future of AI.
Author Bio: Liang Shijie is a senior medical practitioner in traditional Chinese medicine with an undergraduate degree. He has been engaged in traditional medicine clinical work for 24 years and has accumulated a wealth of clinical experience. Following Chen Yong, chief physician of liver disease at Beijing Traditional Medicine Hospital, affiliated with Capital Medical University, and renowned old Chinese medicine, he has been treated for many years and received great attention. He specializes in the treatment of difficult diseases using "conversational traditional therapy" and special treatments combined with the academic ideas of Jiao Shude and Guan Yubo's ten-level diagnosis.He is currently a researcher at the Shude Tang TCM Research Institute in Beijing, a fellow at the new 3 + 3 project of traditional Chinese medicine flame inheritance in Beijing - a scholar at the inheritance workstation of Jiao Shude's protégés (Chen Yong),He is a standing committee member of the International Expert Committee on E-learning and Health Care, a member of the Jiao Shude Academic Heritage Special Committee of the Chinese Association for the Advancement of Chinese Medicine Research, and the first cancer specialist to be included in the chapter of the Chinese Pharmaceutical Culture Research Association. Won the 2020 China Association for the Promotion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Zhongjing Medical Branch held the eighth session of the Medical Saint Zhongjing Nanyang Forum "Classic Prescription Famous Doctor" honorary title. The winner of the first Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei "Pingui Cup" Yanzhao Medical Research Essay Award in 2023. His work was featured in the journal Current Scientist and the journal Chinese Talent.
