布伦恩大街9号大楼改造，德国

本项目是Brunnenstrasse 9 号画廊工作室在一栋废弃建筑上建造的，这栋废弃建筑是由于20世纪90年代一次失败的投资造成的，因为这次失败的投资导致这个地块无法吸引企业投资者。但从另一个角度来看，这也为建筑师（既是投资者又是建造者）提供了一个机会，他们可以以实际成本减去拆除成本的价格购买这个地块。这个地块在2007年被买下，当时只有几堵墙体和部分地下室的天花板、电梯井和入口通道还存在。设计者并没有拆除原有结构，而是将这些部分保留了下来，作为进一步设计的基础。

The gallery and ateliers at Brunnenstrasse 9 is built on the foundations of a building ruin whose condition resulted from a bad investment during the 1990’s. This made the plot unattractive for corporate investors, who were purchasing empty lots at this time. At the same time this created an opportunity for the architect, being both investor and constructor, to buy the land for the actual costs minus the costs for demolition. When the plot was purchased in 2007, only a couple of walls and parts of the basement ceiling remained, alongside the elevator shaft and entry passage. Instead of being removed, the original structure was included and developed further into the new design.

▼外观概览，Exterior view© Erica Overmeer

当时，当时的柏林城市规划部门正推行“批判性重建”的政策，Brunnenstraße 9的设计者并没有将这一议程理解为追溯过去，而是利用场地历史和背景，提出了一种新的工作和生活方式。

At the time, Berlin’s urban planning department promoted the agenda of “critical reconstruction,” referring to the city’s historical context. Rather than interpreting critical reconstruction as regressive, Brunnenstraße 9 uses the idea of referencing the site’s context to create a new typology for working and living.

▼夜览外立面，Night view of facade© Erica Overmeer

在本项目中，基本的建筑体量由相邻建筑的屋檐高度来确定，阁楼天花板的形状经过与后侧邻居的协商，确保不遮挡后院建筑的自然光线。这栋建筑与相邻建筑的高度相差30厘米，因此，每层楼的楼板都需要30厘米的台阶进行分隔，这样形成的高差自然地将空间划分为不同的功能区。最初地下室和一楼之间缺失的天花板部分形成了一个通高的空间，从室外街道上就能够看到。设计者将天花板部分用可见螺栓进行了加固，人们可以根据需要进入到这个空间中。

▼轴测分析图，axo© Brandlhuber + Emde

Therefore, the basic cubature is defined by the eave heights of the two adjacent buildings, while the attic floor is shaped accordingly to compromise with the back neighbours, ensuring that light reaches the buildings in the rear courtyard. The continuation of the adjacent building heights into Brunnenstrasse 9 results in two different floor heights, causing a 30cm difference. As a result, a 30cm step divides the floor plate on every story, naturally dividing the space for different uses, creating different heights. The initially missing ceiling parts between basement and ground floor creates a double height room, visible from the street level. If desired, this single space could easily be divided into two by inserting the missing ceiling, using the visible bolts already set in the reinforcement.

▼立面近景，Facade close view© Erica Overmeer

混凝土核心筒的体量被压缩到最小，设计者在其中设置了浴室和电梯。从公共通道的外部入口进入核心筒，能够到达任意楼层和单元。除了中央核心筒之外，各个单元之间再没有其它的连接通道，所有空间之间唯一的联通方式就是通过电梯或后侧立面上的外部楼梯。

The concrete core, reduced to its minimum, houses the bathrooms and the elevator. It directly connects the different units with the street level via an exterior entrance located in the public passageway. Besides this central core, there is no other physical connection between the single units. The only way to circulate between them is either through elevator access or the external staircase attached to the rear façade.

▼外部楼梯，Exterior stairs© Erica Overmeer

根据当地的建筑规范和消防法规，外部循环层与后立面之间有5米的偏移距离，设计者将楼梯移到了外侧，取消了室内对楼梯的需求，从而实现了空间效率的最大化，并保证了用户之间的完全独立。连接外部楼梯的平台还能够用作露台和公共空间。

This external circulation layer is offset five meters from the back façade, in accordance with building code and fire regulations. By displacing the staircase to the exterior, the need for an interior stair is eliminated, which allows for maximum spatial efficiency and complete independence of the users. The platforms connecting the exterior staircase, additionally function well as terraces and public space for the residents.

▼大楼入口处，Entrance© Erica Overmeer

由于有轨电车的原因，当地对于消防的规定是禁止消防员在街道一侧使用伸缩梯，所以设计者必须在建筑的后侧打造第二个通道。为了使这一通道符合规定，庭院地面的一侧被抬升了72厘米，另一侧则被抬升36厘米，这样能够适配消防员梯子8米的最大长度。

As the tram wires prohibited firemen to use extendable ladders at the street side, it was necessary to develop a second access in the rear. In order to comply with regulations for the second escape way — via the windows — the courtyard ground was raised 72cm on one side and 36cm on the other, according to the maximum length of the fireman’s 8-meter ladder.

▼室外露台，Terrace© Erica Overmeer

▼通向露台的推拉门，Sliding doors leading to the terrace© Erica Overmeer

▼室内看向庭院，Indoor view to the courtyard© Erica Overmeer

设计者对于现有规范规定的理解、遵循和响应塑造了建筑立面。面向交通繁忙的Brunnenstrasse大街一侧，建筑立面较为封闭，为了能够在不阻碍阳光照射的同时不向临街一侧开放立面，设计者在每层都设置了固定的玻璃窗，其长度取决于普通起重机能够吊起的最大重量，其余部分则采用了半透明的、涂有防晒层的聚碳酸酯材质，能够在一天当中呈现出不同的颜色。立面侧面还安装了小型的通风板，以为室内带来横向通风。朝向庭院的后立面则完全采用了玻璃材质，这一侧室内安装了推拉门，相当于用户能够在室内开启一半的立面。立面的设计基于一个L形支架组成的金属结构上，这使得未来对立面的改造成为可能，同时也延续了建筑内部设计的灵活性和适应性的逻辑。

This methodology of understanding, using and reacting to the given rules and building code parameters also shaped the facade. The street side, facing the heavily trafficked Brunnenstrasse, is given a closed quality. To allow light to enter the space without opening the façade to the street, every story has a fixed glazed part, whose length derives from the maximum weight liftable by the average crane, while the rest is a translucent polycarbonate. The polycarbonate has a sun protection layer, which creates different colors throughout the course of the day. Small ventilation flaps, set on the facade’s side, allow for the cross ventilation of the spaces. In contrast, the back-facade towards the courtyard is completely glazed. Ceiling-high sliding doors allow the users to open half the facade towards the courtyard. All facade elements are resting on a robust metal substructure of L brackets, which allows future change to the facade, following the logic of flexibilty and adaptabily performed on the inside.

所有内墙均采用混凝土浇筑建造而成，这一步骤与建筑外表皮同时进行，设计者对墙板的模版和图案并没有进行任何预设，所有墙壁和地板在结构工程完成时就都已准备好，便于后续的处理。电气系统被隐藏在铺设的混凝土管道中，供暖管道则被暴露在外面，没有进行绝缘处理。混凝土架子的使用能够根据用户的不同需求进行调整，还能将成本降至最低，同时确保空间的承载力。

The concrete slabs were built at the same time the shell was constructed. All interior walls are cast in concrete without any preconceived system for the formwork and pattern. All the walls and floors were ready by the time the structural work was accomplished, and were treated afterwards. The electrical system is concealed in pipes laid in the concrete while the heating pipes are exposed without any insulation, heating the space. This concrete shelf enables the user to adapt the rooms according to the specific needs, while keeping the costs to a minimum, ensuring the affordability of the space.

本项目中唯一预制的元素是沿街立面上的机械连接和橡木板，该结构一侧作为聚碳酸酯的下部结构，另一侧可以用作长凳、站立式办公桌或者架子。

The only pre-installed elements are the mechanical connections and oak planks along the street-facade which function as the substructure for the polycarbonate elements on one side, but can be used as benches, standing desk or shelves on the other side.

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